双相情感障碍 is a biological illness that affects your ability to regulate your mood effectively. People with 双相情感障碍 can have episodes of 躁狂, 轻度躁狂, 抑郁症.
躁狂或躁狂发作
The high or elevated period of 双相情感障碍. There is a distinctively elevated or irritable mood in combination with 三个或更多 additional symptoms of mania (from the following):
- 增加自信
Believing in your abilities with far more confidence than usual. 这可能会导致不健康的决定. - 睡眠需求减少
Sleeping far less than usual yet still waking up feeling energized in the morning. - 爱说话
Talking much faster 和 louder; starting conversations impulsively with strangers; speech may be pressured. - 赛车的想法
Feeling like your thoughts are coming faster than you can put them into words. - 注意力分散
Getting easily distracted because you perceive everything to be of interest to you. 对焦受到很大影响. - 冲动行为增加
Taking on several projects at once 和 these projects may be not in your best interest. - 精神运动风潮
感觉身体非常不安和紧张. - 增加愉快的活动
寻找非常愉快的行为(例如.g., sex, gambling, shopping, traveling) in ways that may not be healthy for you.
轻度躁狂的一集
类似于 躁狂 episode though less severe 和 disruptive to a person’s life.
轻度躁狂发作通常持续 不到一周.
抑郁发作
The low or intensely sad period of 双相情感障碍 characterized by 至少五个 症状(来自以下内容):
- 心情郁闷
Feeling down in the dumps or really sad for no particular reason. - 精神运动的激动或减缓
感觉烦躁, 不安分的, or unable to sit still… or feeling extremely slowed down in thinking 和 movement. - 缺乏乐趣
Inability to enjoy the things that used to bring you pleasure. - 社会隔离
Lack of desire to be with friends or family members. - 情感的脆性
Feelings of irritability, anger, 和/or anxiety, an inability to concentrate. - 饮食习惯的改变
Marked weight gain or loss; too much or too little interest in eating. - 睡眠改变
Significant changes in sleep habits, such as trouble falling asleep or getting up in the morning. - 内疚的感觉
感到内疚或毫无价值. - 身体疼痛
Physical aches 和 pains even though nothing is physically wrong. - 绝望
Lack of caring 和/or negativity about what happens in the future. - 自杀想法
伤害或自杀的念头.
A college student who is in the midst of a 躁狂 episode may have very limited insight into his/her illness at that time. Trusted family members or friends should pay close attention 和 help the individual seek appropriate mental health services promptly. Individuals with 双相情感障碍 sometimes stop taking their medications, for various reasons. Without the medication helping to stabilize mood, these individuals can be highly at risk for harm.
Experts indicate that the best treatment for 双相情感障碍 is combination treatment including medication therapy, education about the disorder, 和 谈话疗法 (个人、家庭和/或团体治疗).
Coping Strategies for Dealing with 双相情感障碍
- 按医嘱服药. Pay close attention to how the medication makes you feel, 它似乎提供了什么好处, 以及它可能造成的副作用. Communicate actively with your doctor/nurse practitioner. 有时, a medication dosage may need to be increased or decreased; other times, 可能会建议使用不同的药物.
- Journal each day, listing what indicators of progress you see 和 what concerns you. Note what you eat 和 how your sleep pattern is.
- Educate yourself: 双相情感障碍: A Guide for the Newly Diagnosed, 作者:Janelle Caponigro等(2012). 出版:New Harbinger Publications.
- Push yourself to share your feelings each day with a trusted friend 和/or family member. Get that person’s observations about your status/progress.
- Avoid alcohol 和 drugs as they can interfere with the effectiveness of psychiatric medications.
- 每天锻炼, 是否走, 瑜伽, 做运动, 去健身房, or doing an exercise routine in the privacy of your own home. In the winter months, be sure to get outside 和 get some Vitamin D from the sun while walking. Having an exercise buddy can help increase your motivation 和 success with exercise.
- 注意你的饮食. 通常, 双相情感障碍 can lead an individual to high-calorie, 高糖, 高咖啡因的食物/饮料, which ultimately can increase the severity of the disorder. Try to eat healthier foods, 和 don’t skip breakfast!
- 注意你的睡眠习惯. If you do take a nap during the day, limit it to 30 minutes. Afternoon naps that exceed 30 minutes can often mess up overnight sleeping. Set up your bedroom so it encourages good sleep. Keep the room dark 和 at a comfortable temperature. Work to reduce stimulation at night to allow your brain to calm itself. 设定一个关闭电子设备的规则.g., computer, phone, television) at a certain hour each night. Aim to fall asleep at the same time each night.
- Reach out for additional help whenever you need it. Untreated or poorly managed 双相情感障碍 can be extremely serious 和 even life-threatening, 所以请大声说出来. Develop a written safety plan with your therapist that identifies how you can reach out when there is an 紧急.
- Remember that treatment for 双相情感障碍 takes time 和 diligent effort. With every step, you get closer to effectively regulating your mood 和 behavior.
